The effects of large and small-scale topography upon internal waves and implications for tidally induced mixing in sill regions

A free surface non-hydrostatic model in cross-sectional form namely two dimensional in the vertical is used to examine the role of larger scale topography, namely sill width and smaller scale topography namely ripples on the sill upon internal wave generation and mixing in sill regions. The present work is set in the context of earlier work, and the wider literature in order to emphasis the problems of simulating mixing in hydrographic models. Highlights from previous calculations, and references to the literature for detail together with new results presented here with smooth and “ripple” topography are used to show that an idealised cross sectional model can reproduce the dominant features found in observations at the Loch Etive sill. Calculations show that on both the short and long time scales the presence of small scale “ripple” topography influence the mixing and associated Richardson number distribution in the sill region. Subsequent calculations in which the position and form of the small scale sill topography is varied, show for the first time that it is the small scale topography near the sill crest that is particularly important in enhancing mid-water mixing on the lee side of the sill. Both short term and longer term calculations with a reduced sill width, and associated time series, show that as the sill width is reduced the non-linear response of the system increases. In addition Richardson number plots show that the region of critical Richardson number, and hence enhanced mixing increases with time and a reduction in sill width. Calculations in which buoyancy frequency N varies through the vertical show that buoyancy frequency close to the top of the sill is primarily controlling mixing rather than its mean value. Hence a Froude number based on sill depth and local N is the critical parameter, rather than one based on total depth and mean N

The Infirmities Of Externalism: Putnam And Dummett On The Realist Programme In Metaphysics And The Philosophy Of Language

The traditional realist programme in metaphysics and the philosophy of language--what Hilary Putnam has termed metaphysical realism or externalism , on the one hand, and semantic realism as an account of the workings of language that draws essentially on the externalist notions of truth and reference, on the other--has been attacked, on independent but closely related grounds, by Putnam and Michael Dummett. I attempt to clarify their arguments against the realist programme, and to assess the force of the various strategies that realists have proposed in defence of that programme.;In the opening chapters, I trace the development of Putnam\u27s thinking on these matters, and the influence of Dummett on that development. I then focus upon: (1) Putnam\u27s brain in a vat argument; (2) Putnam\u27s model-theoretic argument, and (3) Dummett\u27s manifestation argument. I argue that realist responses to these arguments have generally rested upon misinterpretations either of their details or of their intended dialectical role. More specifically, I argue that: (A) The brain in a vat argument admits of a valid formulation, though not as a dilemma; but the argument is not plausibly read as an attack on skepticism, nor as an independent argument against metaphysical realism; (B) The model-theoretic argument cannot be satisfactorily countered by either the presentation of counter-examples to the arguments\u27s conclusion, or the appeal to constraints on reference furnished by the embedding of linguistic practice in our more general commerce with the world; but the argument fails to demonstrate the incoherence of externalism, though it does bring out certain of its epistemological infirmities; (C) The secondary literature on the manifestation argument reveals serious misreadings of the antirealist project: in particular, there is a tendency to conflate semantic realism and ontological realism , and to misconstrue the motivation underlying central features of the anti-realist arguments.;I conclude that the arguments of Putnam and Dummett raise serious doubts about the capacity of the realist programme to answer to our cognitive interests as philosophers, and that the burden rests upon the realist to show that we should continue to pursue that programme

Improving pre-hospital care at mass gathering events: Applying military intelligence methodology to the St John ambulance WA event health operations

With the growth of the mass gathering event domain and its ever constant place within the contemporary Australian lifestyle, the number of patrons who attend these events that require medical assistance rises (Zeitz et al., 2007, p. 23; Zeitz, Zeitz, & Arbon, 2005, p. 164; Zeitz, Zeitz, & Kadow-Griffin, 2012). This increased demand and inherited risk to the event organiser, the patrons attending and the pre-hospital care or first aid provider creates a need for the investigation into enhancements to the medical care operations at these events. The provision of pre-hospital care at mass gathering events in Western Australia is a vital service to the health of the community members in attendance and requires in depth planning, resourcing and staff to ensure that the risk of permanent injury or death to patrons is mitigated or reduced. This study aimed to examine the viability of the introduction of the military intelligence methodology, Intelligence Preparation for the Battle Space (IPB), to the St John Ambulance WA Ltd planning process to improve the decision making ability within all levels and at the planning and operational stages of a mass gathering event. Through the utilisation of a case study and documentary analysis methodological processes, supported by a constructivist framework, the existing knowledge base was examined and the integration of intelligence based concepts was introduced. The study has concluded that, utilising the Big Day Out Perth 2009 contextual setting and case study variable comparisons, that the introduction of IPB or a variation of its intelligence based methodological concepts is a viable and beneficial undertaking. The study has demonstrated that this would allow for the enhanced examination of potential clinical presentations and the identification of required physical, human and information resources as a result of an event’s unique planning variables, risk inputs and their casual relationships within an event’s contextual setting. Though theoretically possible, the study highlights that further research is required to refine and explore the utilisation of the proposed model to other event types and/or organisations in order to validate its result

The contemporary Australian intelligence domain: A multi dimension examination

In the complex and interconnected post 9/11 world the roles and functions of intelligence have evolved beyond being a secret capability of governments focused on national security needs. Intelligence has become recognised as a critical function necessary to support decision making across the full breadth of government and corporate activity. The concept of an intelligence community being purely national security centric and bounded by secrecy has become limited. Intelligence in support of decision making has become a far broader domain than previously believed. This paper investigates the degree of intelligence embedded‐ness across government agencies and departments at the federal, state and local levels. Findings reveal that in excess of 75 discrete intelligence capabilities were identified, categorized by theme before being stratified into a three tier hierarchal intelligence domain map. Many of these categories were not in support of national security per se, but rather in support of broader government decision making

B semileptonic decays with 2+1 dynamical quark flavors

We study semileptonic B decays, using MILC dynamical configurations with $N_f=2+1$. NRQCD heavy and AsqTad light quark actions are used. We obtain the semileptonic form factors $f_+(q^2)$ and $f_0(q^2)$ in the chiral limit.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, talk presented at Lattice 2005 (Heavy quark physics

The Contemporary Australian Intelligence Domain - A Multi Dimension Examination

In the complex and interconnected post 9/11 world the roles and functions of intelligence have evolved beyond being a secret capability of governments focused on national security needs. Intelligence has become recognised as a critical function necessary to support decision making across the full breadth of government and corporate activity. The concept of an intelligence community being purely national security centric and bounded by secrecy has become limited. Intelligence in support of decision making has become a far broader domain than previously believed. This paper investigates the degree of intelligence embedded‐ness across government agencies and departments at the federal, state and local levels. Findings reveal that in excess of 75 discrete intelligence capabilities were identified, categorized by theme before being stratified into a three tier hierarchal intelligence domain map. Many of these categories were not in support of national security per se, but rather in support of broader government decision making

Single boundary measurements in flow analysis

Single boundary measurements using a stream-switching valve in a single-channel manifold, where a large volume injection produces two discrete reaction zones at the extremities of the sample bolus, have been studied. When monitoring with both diode-array and double beam spectrophotometers, refractive index (RI) effects could be compensated for satisfactorily by subtracting measurements made at a second wavelength. This was less effective with a single beam spectrophotometer. For larger volume flow-cells the indicated flow direction should be followed to obtain undistorted signals, but with an 8 μl flow-cell the direction of flow was immaterial. RI correction was possible with all three flow-cells studied, but the use of the 8 μl cell reduced the contribution of the flow-cell to the overall dispersion. [Continues.

Application of TELEMAC-2D and SISYPHE to complex estuarine regions to inform future management decisions

Water Qualit